5A分子筛吸附混合溶剂洗脱-气相色谱-同位素质谱分析土壤中正构烷烃单体碳同位素     

张逐月  刘美美  谢曼曼  王道聪  凌媛  尚文郁  刘舒波  岑况  孙青 《岩矿测试》2012,31(1):178-183

利用5A分子筛吸附,环己烷-正戊烷混合溶剂洗脱分离富集正构烷烃,用气相色谱法测定正构烷烃含量,气相色谱-气体同位素质谱(GC-C-IRMS)测定土壤样品中正构烷烃单体碳同位素。实验优化了5A分子筛用量和洗脱剂的比例,需要络合的正构烷烃的量与分子筛加入量呈线性关系,络合x mg的正构烷烃,需加入2.75x g分子筛,络合环己烷-正戊烷最佳比例为9∶91。探讨了络合过程中5A分子筛对不同链长正构烷烃的络合规律,短链正构烷烃被5A分子筛优先吸附,长链正构烷烃的络合相对滞后。正构烷烃的络合洗脱回收率为44%～72%,精密度(RSD,n=6)为4%～8%;正构烷烃单体碳同位素分析精度为0.04‰～0.38‰(1σ)。采用5A分子筛净化混合溶剂洗脱方法,分析加油站附近的实际土壤样品,未分峰基本消除,获得良好的净化效果,满足正构烷烃单体碳同位素分析的要求。  相似文献   

Magnetic fields in protoplanetary disks     

Mark Wardle 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2007,311(1-3):35-45

Magnetic fields likely play a key role in the dynamics and evolution of protoplanetary disks. They have the potential to efficiently transport angular momentum by MHD turbulence or via the magnetocentrifugal acceleration of outflows from the disk surface. Magnetically-driven mixing has implications for disk chemistry and evolution of the grain population, and the effective viscous response of the disk determines whether planets migrate inwards or outwards. However, the weak ionisation of protoplanetary disks means that magnetic fields may not be able to effectively couple to the matter. I examine the magnetic diffusivity in a minimum solar nebula model and present calculations of the ionisation equilibrium and magnetic diffusivity as a function of height from the disk midplane at radii of 1 and 5 AU. Dust grains tend to suppress magnetic coupling by soaking up electrons and ions from the gas phase and reducing the conductivity of the gas by many orders of magnitude. However, once grains have grown to a few microns in size their effect starts to wane and magnetic fields can begin to couple to the gas even at the disk midplane. Because ions are generally decoupled from the magnetic field by neutral collisions while electrons are not, the Hall effect tends to dominate the diffusion of the magnetic field when it is able to partially couple to the gas, except at the disk surfaces where the low density of neutrals permits the ions to remain attached to the field lines. For a standard population of 0.1 μm grains the active surface layers have a combined column Σ_active≈2 g cm⁻² at 1 AU; by the time grains have aggregated to 3 μm, Σ_active≈80 g cm⁻². Ionisation in the active layers is dominated by stellar X-rays. In the absence of grains, X-rays maintain magnetic coupling to 10% of the disk material at 1 AU (i.e. Σ_active≈150 g cm⁻²). At 5 AU the Σ_active≈Σ_total once grains have aggregated to 1 μm in size.  相似文献   

A comparison of grain‐size analysis methods for sand‐dominated fluvial sediments     

MICHAEL D. CHEETHAM  ANNABELLE F. KEENE  RICHARD T. BUSH  LEIGH A. SULLIVAN  WAYNE D. ERSKINE 《Sedimentology》2008,55(6):1905-1913

Grain‐size distribution is a fundamental tool for interpreting sedimentary units within depositional systems. The techniques assessed in this study are commonly used to determine grain‐size distributions for sand‐dominated sediments. However, the degree of consistency and differences in interpretation when using a combination of grain‐size methods have not yet been assessed systematically for sand‐dominated fluvial sediments. Results obtained from laser diffraction, X‐ray attenuation and scanning electron microscopy grain‐size analysis techniques were compared with those obtained from the traditional sieve/hydrometer method. Scanning electron microscopy was shown to provide an inaccurate quantitative analysis of grain‐size distributions because of difficulties in obtaining representative samples for examination. The X‐ray attenuation method is unsuitable for sand‐dominated sediments because of its upper size range of only 300 μm. The consistently strong correlation between the laser diffraction results and the sieve/hydrometer results shows that these methods are comparable for sand‐dominated fluvial sediments. Provided that sample preparation is consistent, the latter two methods can be used together within a study of such sediments while maintaining a high degree of accuracy. These results indicate that data for sand‐dominated fluvial sediments gained from the long‐established sieve/hydrometer method can be compared with confidence to those obtained by modern studies using laser diffraction techniques.  相似文献   

Organic geochemical study of the Upper Kimmeridge Clay of the Dorset type area     

Paul Farrimond  Paul Comet  Geoffrey Eglinton  Richard P. Evershed  Michael A. Hall  David W. Park  Anthony M.K. Wardroper 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》1984,1(4):340-354

Results are presented from an organic geochemical investigation of a suite of rock samples taken from the Upper Kimmeridge Clay near Kimmeridge, Dorset. All samples contain immature organic matter of marine origin, although one horizon, the Whitestone Band, contains an additional secondary input of partially biodegraded mature hydrocarbons, due to an oil seepage of unknown origin. With the exception of increased relative abundances of 4-methylsteroidal hydrocarbons in the more organic-rich samples, the immature molecular distributions are very similar, suggesting a consistent source of organic matter. The results are in agreement with the palaeoenvironmental model proposed by Tyson et al. (1979) for the deposition of the Kimmeridge Clay, where the different lithologies are controlled by a fluctuating oxic/anoxic boundary, with only the organic-poor mudstones being deposited in relatively oxygenated waters.  相似文献   

鱼类生长激素的分子生物学和应用研究的进展   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8  

徐斌  李德尚  张培军 《海洋与湖沼》1997,28(5):553-557

依据１９８５－１９９５年国际有关资料对鱼类生长激素的分子生物学及其研究的最新成果与进展进行综合评述。研究表明，已完成鳗鲡等９种鱼类生长激素的氨基酸组成与全序列分析及大麻哈鱼等２０种鱼类的生长激素基因的分离与克隆，有些已在工程菌或动物细胞中的高效表达；鱼类生长激素基因的调控机制与生长激素的活性部位研究正在深入进行；将外源的生长上入鱼体或将外源的生长激素基因导入受体鱼，以期促进生长，增加抗性，是生长激  相似文献   

Tracing terrigenous dissolved organic matter and its photochemical decay in the ocean by using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry     

Thorsten Dittmar  Kenia Whitehead  Elizabeth C. Minor  Boris P. Koch 《Marine Chemistry》2007

Reversed-phase liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) is introduced as a new molecular fingerprinting technique for tracing terrigenous dissolved organic matter (DOM) and its photochemical decay in the ocean. DOM along a transect from the mangrove-fringed coast in Northern Brazil to the shelf edge was compared with mangrove-derived porewater DOM exposed to natural sunlight for 2–10 days in a photodegradation experiment. DOM was isolated from all samples via solid-phase extraction (C18) for LC/MS analysis. DOM in the estuary and ocean showed a bimodal mass distribution with two distinct maxima in the lower m/z range from 400 to 1000 Da (intensity-weighted average of 895 Da). Terrigenous porewater DOM from the mangroves was characterized by a broad molecular mass distribution over the detected range from 150 to 2000 Da (intensity-weighted average of 1130 Da). Polar compounds, i.e., those that eluted early in the reversed-phase chromatography, absorbed more UV light and had on average smaller molecular masses than the more apolar compounds.  相似文献   

钾长石制备X型分子筛的试验研究     

李宪洲  袁琳  宁维坤  杨贺亭  吴杰 《世界地质》2008,27(4)

以长白山天然钾长石矿为原料,采用水热合成法制备了X型沸石分子筛,对影响合成工艺和产物性能等因素进行了研究.试验表明,反应混合物的配比:水钠比、硅铝比,反应过程中的搅拌速度及凝胶混合物的陈化是合成分子筛的关键工艺参数;晶化12 h是合成反应的最佳结晶时间;产物的吸附量达到了国家化学工业产品标准.  相似文献   

暗云L1211的C~（18）O（J＝1－0）分子发射谱线的观测     

俞志尧 《天文学报》1995,(3)

本文作者首次对暗云Ｌ１２１１的Ｃ~（１８）Ｏ（Ｊ＝１－０）分子发射谱线进行了观测，发现了暗云Ｌ１２１１致密核的Ｃ~（１８）Ｏ（Ｊ＝１－０）的宽翼发射谱线和它的结构，得到了核区Ｃ~（１８）Ｏ（Ｊ＝１－０）分子的谱线轮廓图、强度分布图、速度分段积分等高图、速度位置图。  相似文献   

Interactions between molecular outflows and optical jets     

Rachael Padman  John S. Richer 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1994,216(1-2):129-134

Young stars produce both molecular outflows and, at a later evolutionary stage, well-collimated optical jets. The simplest explanation is that the molecular outflows are driven byobscured optical jets, rather than directly, by a disk wind for example, but the optical jets appear to have too small a momentum flux. Recent statistical studies however show that the molecular flows must be quasi-stationary, which means that the dynamical lifetime is a gross underestimate of the true age. As a consequence much less thrust is required. We present recent observations of RNO 43, which has well-defined optical and molecular outflows lying close to the plane of the sky. Excellent agreement with the observations is obtained with a simple kinematic model for the molecular material, which supposes that it lies in a parabolic shell around the optical jet with the highest velocities at the working surface. Together with our modelling of the NGC2024 outflow, this is very strong evidence that molecular outflows are produced by prompt entrainment of molecular material in a neutral or weakly-ionized jet.  相似文献   

若干恒星形成区的^12CO（J=1—0）与^13CO（J=1—0）观测   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

毛瑞青  韩溥 《紫金山天文台台刊》1997,16(2):69-76

首次利用紫金山天文台青海观测站13.7m毫米波射电望远镜对若干分子云与恒星形成区的~(12)CO(J=1—0)和~(13)CO(J=1—0)分子辐射进行了观测,得到了各自中心位置的谱线轮廓。作为一个实例本文将介绍如何通过对分子云~(12)CO(J=1—0)和~(13)CO(J=1—0)谱线的综合分析与计算得到云中的物理参数。  相似文献